Types of Computer Networks: LAN, MAN and WAN

Computer networks are classified based on their geographical coverage and scale. The three primary types of networks are Local Area Network (LAN), Metropolitan Area Network (MAN), and Wide Area Network (WAN). Each serves a specific purpose and is suited for different types of connectivity.

1. Local Area Network (LAN)

A Local Area Network (LAN) is a network that covers a small geographical area, such as an office, school, or home. LANs are widely used for internal communication, file sharing, and resource sharing (e.g., printers and internet connections).

Characteristics of LAN:

1. Limited to a small area (a few meters to a few kilometers).

2. High-speed connectivity (typically ranging from 100 Mbps to 10 Gbps).

3. Uses Ethernet cables, Wi-Fi, or fiber optics.

4. Offers low latency and high data transfer rates.

5. Examples: Office networks, school computer labs, and home networks.

2. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

A Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) spans a larger geographical area than a LAN but is smaller than a WAN. It typically covers a city or a large campus and connects multiple LANs within that region.

Characteristics of MAN:

1. Covers a city or a large geographical area (10 to 50 km).

2. Intermediate speed (typically from 10 Mbps to 1 Gbps).

3. Uses fiber optics, coaxial cables, or wireless communication.

4. Managed by a single entity such as a telecom provider or government agency.

5. Examples: City-wide Wi-Fi networks, cable TV networks, and university networks.

3. Wide Area Network (WAN)

A Wide Area Network (WAN) covers a vast geographical area, often spanning multiple countries or continents. The internet is the largest example of a WAN.

Characteristics of WAN:

1. Covers a vast area (hundreds to thousands of kilometers).

2. Slower speeds compared to LANs and MANs due to long-distance communication (ranging from Kbps to Gbps).

3. Uses satellites, fiber optics, microwave links, and leased telephone lines.

4. Requires complex infrastructure and multiple service providers.

5. Examples: The Internet, global corporate networks, and military communication networks.

✍ Each type of network serves a distinct purpose based on geographical coverage and speed requirements. LANs provide fast, localized connectivity; MANs connect multiple LANs within a city; and WANs facilitate global communication. Understanding these networks helps in choosing the right infrastructure for different communication needs.