Network architecture refers to the design and structure of a computer network, defining how devices communicate with each other. The three primary types of network architecture are Peer-to-Peer (P2P), Client-Server, and Distributed.
1. Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Architecture
Peer-to-peer architecture is a decentralized network model where each computer, or "peer," has equal authority and can act as both a client and a server.
No central server; all devices are interconnected.
Each peer shares resources such as files and bandwidth.
Peers communicate directly with each other without intermediaries.
Cost-effective as no dedicated server is needed.
Scalable; new peers can join without disrupting the network.
More resilient to failures since there is no single point of failure.
Difficult to manage and secure due to lack of central control.
Performance issues may arise when multiple peers are accessing data simultaneously.
2. Client-Server Architecture
Client-server architecture is a centralized network model where multiple clients (users) request services and resources from a dedicated server.
A central server manages data, applications, and resources.
Clients send requests to the server, which processes and responds to them.
Servers can be specialized, such as web servers, database servers, or application servers.
Centralized management enhances security and administration.
Efficient data sharing and resource management.
Improved performance since the server is dedicated to handling requests.
Single point of failure; if the server goes down, clients cannot access resources.
Higher cost due to server maintenance and infrastructure.
3. Distributed Architecture
Distributed architecture is a network model that combines features of both P2P and client-server architectures. It consists of multiple servers or nodes working together to provide services.
Resources are distributed across multiple nodes.
Each node can function as both a server and a client.
Load balancing ensures efficient resource utilization.
High availability and fault tolerance; failure of one node does not disrupt the entire network.
Scalable and capable of handling large amounts of data and requests.
Improved performance as workloads are distributed.
Complex setup and maintenance.
Security management can be challenging due to multiple points of access.
✍Each type of network architecture has its own advantages and use cases. P2P is best for decentralized applications like file sharing, client-server is suitable for business environments requiring centralized control, and distributed architecture is ideal for large-scale systems that require high availability and performance.
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